Nitrofurantoin in Pakistan: Complete Guide To Best Uses, Dosage, Side Effects & Price 2025

What is nitrofurantoin?

Nitrofurantoin is a special type of antibiotic medicine that doctors use to treat bladder infections and other urinary tract problems. It belongs to a group of medicines called nitrofuran antibiotics. This medicine works very well for infections in your urinary system, especially in the bladder.

You might know this medicine by its brand names, like Nitrofurantoin tablets, Macrobid, or Macrodantin. In Pakistan, several local companies also make this medicine under different brand names.

What is nitrofurantoin used for?

Nitrofurantoin is mainly used to treat infections in the lower urinary tract, especially in the bladder. It is also used for preventing repeated UTIs in people who are more prone to them. Doctors often prefer this antibiotic because it is effective against many common bacteria and has a lower risk of resistance. Below are the main medical uses of nitrofurantoin explained in detail:

1. Treating Bladder Infections (Acute Cystitis)

• Nitrofurantoin is a first-line treatment for uncomplicated urinary tract infections (UTIs), especially those confined to the bladder.
• It is highly effective, with clinical cure rates between 79% and 92%.
• It works well against common UTI-causing bacteria such as E. coli.
• Recommended by international medical organizations like the Infectious Diseases Society of America (IDSA).

2. Preventing Recurring UTIs

• Nitrofurantoin is used as a prophylactic (preventive) medicine for people who suffer from frequent UTIs.
• It reduces the risk of infection by up to 62%.
• Different preventive doses (50 mg, 75 mg, or 100 mg daily) have been found equally effective.
• Often prescribed for daily long-term use, especially in women with chronic infections.

3. Hospital vs Community Infections

• Ideal for community-acquired UTIs (infections developed outside hospitals).
• Not recommended for hospital-acquired UTIs, due to potential resistance and different bacterial profiles.
• Remains effective where other antibiotics fail, especially when resistance to drugs like ciprofloxacin or trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole is present.

Important Note:

This drug does NOT work for kidney infections. If you have a kidney infection, your doctor will give you a different antibiotic.

How Does Nitrofurantoin Work?

This medicine works by attacking harmful bacteria in your urinary system. It damages the bacteria’s ability to make proteins and affects their cell walls. This kills the bacteria or stops them from growing.

The medicine concentrates in your urine, which is why it works so well for bladder and urinary tract infections. When you take the medicine, it travels through your body and collects in your bladder, where it can fight the infection directly.

Nitrofurantoin Uses in Urdu

Dosage and How to Take

The dosage of nitrofurantoin depends on your age, the type of infection being treated, and whether it’s for treatment or prevention. Always follow your doctor’s prescription exactly. Below are general guidelines:

For Adults:

• Usual dosage: 100 mg taken two times a day, once in the morning and once in the evening.
• Treatment duration: Usually 5-7 days for simple infections
• Prevention dose: May be lower, like 50 mg once daily

For Children:

• Doctors determine the dosage according to the child’s body weight.
• Usually given 4 times daily for children

How to Take:

• Take with food or milk to help prevent stomach discomfort.
• Try to take it at the same time every day.
• Complete the full course of treatment, even if symptoms improve early.
• Stay well-hydrated by drinking plenty of water during treatment.

Nitrofurantoin Common Brand Names in Pakistan

Nitrofurantoin is available in Pakistan under several international and local brand names. It comes in different formulations, including modified-release capsules, regular tablets, and oral suspensions.

Available Brands:

• Macrobid 100mg (Modified-release capsules)
• Nitrofurantoin 100mg (Regular tablets/capsules)
• Furadantin (Oral suspension and tablets)
• Furolin Tablets

These brands are commonly found in pharmacies across Pakistan. Availability may vary by region, so always check with your pharmacist for what’s in stock.

Which Nitrofurantoin Brand or Form is Best in Pakistan?

Nitrofurantoin 100mg tablets (regular form) are considered the best option for most people in Pakistan. They are affordable, effective, and widely available at local and online pharmacies.

Local Pakistani Brands:

Several Pakistani pharmaceutical companies manufacture nitrofurantoin under different brand names. You can find these at local pharmacies across Pakistan. Always check with your pharmacist for available brands in your area.

Side Effects

Like all medicines, Nitrofurantoin can cause side effects. Most people tolerate it well, but some may experience mild to serious symptoms. Knowing what to expect can help you recognize when to seek medical help.

Common Side Effects (Usually Mild):

• Feeling sick or nauseous
• Headache
• Gas or flatulence
• Stomach upset
• Loss of appetite
• Dizziness

Serious Side Effects (Rare but Important):

• Lung-related issues: Trouble breathing, chest discomfort, ongoing cough
• Liver-related issues: Yellow skin or eyes, dark-colored urine, intense abdominal pain
• Allergic reactions: Skin rash, swelling, severe dizziness
• Nerve problems: Tingling or numbness in hands and feet

When to Contact Your Doctor:

Call your doctor immediately if you experience:

• Difficulty breathing
• Severe stomach pain
• Yellowing of skin or eyes
• Skin rash or allergic reactions
• Persistent cough or fever

Precautions and Warnings

Before using nitrofurantoin, it’s important to understand who should avoid it and what precautions to take. This medicine is generally safe for most people when used correctly, but it may not be suitable for everyone.

Who Should Avoid Nitrofurantoin:

• People with severe kidney disease (low kidney function can affect drug clearance.
• Pregnant women in the last month of pregnancy (risk of complications in newborns)
• Individuals with G6PD deficiency (a genetic blood condition that may cause anemia)
• Those with serious liver problems or a history of hepatitis related to antibiotics

Special Considerations:

Nitrofurantoin is generally well-tolerated, but certain groups of people require extra caution or medical supervision while using it:

Pregnancy

• Usually considered safe to use during the first and second trimesters of pregnancy.
• Should be avoided in the final 4 weeks of pregnancy unless clearly needed

Breastfeeding

• Usually safe in breastfeeding mothers
• Trace amounts may pass into breast milk — consult your doctor if nursing a newborn or premature baby

Elderly Patients

• Dosage may need to be modified depending on kidney health or function.
• The risk of side effects such as lung or nerve issues may be higher with prolonged use

Long-Term Use

• Extended use may rarely lead to lung damage or nerve problems (neuropathy)
• Regular monitoring is recommended for long-term preventive use

Drug Interactions

Nitrofurantoin may interact with other medicines, which can affect how well it works or increase the risk of side effects. Be sure to inform your doctor or pharmacist about any medications, supplements, or herbal remedies you are taking.

Medicines That Can Cause Problems:

1. Antacids with magnesium trisilicate can interfere with Nitrofurantoin absorption, reducing its effectiveness.
2. Probenecid (used for gout): Can raise Nitrofurantoin levels in the blood, increasing the risk of toxicity
3. Other antibiotics may reduce the effectiveness of Nitrofurantoin or interfere with each other
4. Magnesium supplements may interfere with Nitrofurantoin absorption in the stomach

Important Tip:

To avoid unwanted interactions, always follow your doctor’s advice and avoid self-medicating with over-the-counter products while using Nitrofurantoin.

What to Tell Your Doctor:

Always inform your doctor about all medicines you take, including:

• Other antibiotics
• Vitamins and supplements
• Herbal medicines
• Over-the-counter medicines

Storage Instructions

To keep Nitrofurantoin safe and effective, it’s important to store it properly and handle expired medicine correctly.

Proper Storage:

• Store at room temperature (between 15°C and 30°C)
• Store in its original packaging with the cap securely fastened.
• Protect from moisture, heat, and direct sunlight
• Keep out of reach of children
• Avoid storing in bathrooms or kitchens, where humidity is high

Expiry and Disposal:

• Make sure to check the expiration date before using the medication.
• Do not use expired Nitrofurantoin, even if it looks fine
• Safely dispose of unused or expired tablets at a nearby pharmacy — do not throw them in household waste

Nitrofurantoin Price in Pakistan (2025 Update)

• Generic brands: PKR 150-300 per strip (10 tablets/capsules)
• Branded versions: PKR 300-500 per strip
• Modified-release formulations: PKR 400-600 per strip

Where to Buy:

• Local pharmacies
• Hospital pharmacies
• Online pharmacy platforms like behtarsehat.pk
• Medical stores

Note: Prices may vary by location and brand. Always compare prices at different pharmacies.

Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs)

Many people have questions about how Nitrofurantoin works, its safety, and how to use it properly. Here are some commonly asked questions with simple answers:

Can Nitrofurantoin treat kidney infections?

No, Nitrofurantoin does not treat kidney infections (pyelonephritis). It is only effective for infections in the bladder and lower urinary tract.

Which Nitrofurantoin Brand is Most Affordable and Widely Available in Pakistan?

Nitrofurantoin 100mg (generic version) is the most affordable and widely available option in Pakistan. It is commonly stocked in pharmacies across all major cities and provides the same effectiveness at a lower price.

Is Nitrofurantoin safe during pregnancy?

Yes, it is generally safe during the first and second trimesters. However, it should be avoided in the last month of pregnancy unless prescribed by a doctor.

Can I take Nitrofurantoin with food?

Yes, it should be taken with food or milk to reduce stomach upset and improve absorption.

What should I do if I miss a dose?

If you forget a dose, take it as soon as you remember. If your next dose is near, skip the missed one and continue with your regular schedule. Do not double the dose to make up for the missed one.

How long does Nitrofurantoin take to work?

Most people start feeling better within 1 to 2 days, but it’s important to finish the full course even if symptoms go away early.

Can I drink alcohol while taking Nitrofurantoin?

It’s best to avoid alcohol, as it can increase side effects like nausea, dizziness, or stomach upset.

Is Nitrofurantoin safe for children?

Yes, but only under a doctor’s supervision. The dose should be carefully adjusted according to the child’s weight and age.

Where can I buy Nitrofurantoin in Pakistan?

You can buy Nitrofurantoin from local pharmacies, hospital dispensaries, or trusted online medical platforms like behtarSehat.pk.

What is the price of Nitrofurantoin in Pakistan?

The price of Nitrofurantoin in Pakistan ranges from PKR 150 to 600 per strip, depending on the brand and formulation (regular or modified-release).

Conclusion

Nitrofurantoin is an effective and safe antibiotic for treating bladder infections and preventing recurring urinary tract infections. It works well because it concentrates in the urine where it can directly fight bacteria.

Key Points to Remember:

• Only works for bladder infections, not kidney infections
• Must be taken with food to reduce stomach upset
• Complete the full course even if you feel better
• Available in various brands across Pakistan
• Generally safe, but can cause serious side effects in rare cases

Final Advice:

Always use nitrofurantoin under a doctor’s prescription. Don’t share your medicine with others or use leftover antibiotics for future infections. If you have any questions or concerns, consult your doctor or pharmacist.

Remember, proper use of antibiotics helps prevent antibiotic resistance and ensures better treatment outcomes for everyone.